Sydney, located on Australia’s eastern coast, is not only the capital of New South Wales but also the country’s most populous city. With a population of approximately 5.45 million as of 2023, Sydney stretches from the Pacific Ocean to the Blue Mountains and from Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park to the Royal National Park. The city’s diverse geography includes over 1,000,000 hectares of nature reserves and parks, offering residents and visitors alike access to iconic natural features and recreational spaces.

Founded in 1788 by the First Fleet of British convicts led by Arthur Phillip, Sydney began as a penal colony and has evolved into a major global city. It has experienced significant demographic changes, especially since World War II, with a substantial proportion of its population born overseas, reflecting its multicultural character. Sydney is frequently ranked among the world’s most liveable cities and stands as an influential Alpha city in the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.

Sydney's economy is robust, with strengths in finance, education, and tourism. It is a prominent destination for international events, having hosted the 2000 Summer Olympics. The city’s landmarks, including the Sydney Opera House and the Harbour Bridge, attract millions of tourists annually. Central Station serves as the transportation hub, connecting various train and light rail networks, while Kingsford Smith Airport remains one of the world’s oldest operating airports.

Historically, Sydney has a rich Aboriginal heritage, with the Darug, Dharawal, and Eora peoples being the traditional custodians of the land. The city’s development was marked by early conflicts with Aboriginal clans and the evolution from a penal settlement to a thriving metropolis. Sydney's journey from its early days of hardship and exploration to its current status as a global city showcases its resilience and growth, making it a dynamic and vibrant hub of culture, commerce, and history.