Sydney, the bustling capital of New South Wales, stands as Australia's most populous city, boasting a population of approximately 5.45 million as of June 2023. Nestled on the country's eastern coast, it spans from the picturesque Sydney Harbour to the scenic Blue Mountains, covering an area of 12,367.7 square kilometers. Known as both the "Emerald City" and the "Harbour City," Sydney is a melting pot of cultures, with over 40% of its residents born overseas, including significant communities from China, India, and the UK.

The city's rich history dates back over 30,000 years, with Aboriginal Australians being the traditional custodians of the land. European settlement began in 1788 when the First Fleet arrived at Botany Bay, establishing Sydney as a British penal colony. Since then, Sydney has evolved into a global city renowned for its economic opportunities, vibrant arts scene, and iconic landmarks like the Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge.

Despite being among the most expensive cities globally, Sydney is consistently ranked as one of the most liveable places, attributed to its advanced economy and high quality of life. The city is home to top educational institutions, including the University of Sydney and the University of New South Wales.

With its stunning natural reserves and parks, Sydney attracts millions of tourists each year, making it one of the world’s most-visited cities. The city has also hosted significant international events, including the 2000 Summer Olympics, further solidifying its status on the world stage. Transport in Sydney is well-connected, with Central Station serving as a major hub for the city's extensive rail network, and Kingsford Smith Airport being one of the oldest continuously operating airports globally.