Auckland's energy infrastructure plays a crucial role in powering the city, heavily relying on a complex network for both electricity and natural gas supply. The majority of Auckland's electricity distribution network is owned and operated by Vector, with Counties Energy managing the network south of central Papakura. The city's electricity is supplied through Transpower's national grid, which includes thirteen substations strategically located across the area. Notably, there are no major electricity generation facilities situated within the city or to the north; therefore, almost all electricity consumed in Auckland and Northland is transmitted from power stations in the southern regions, primarily from the Huntly Power Station and various hydroelectric stations along the Waikato River.

Auckland previously housed two natural gas-fired power stations, the 404 MW Ōtāhuhu B and the 175 MW Southdown, both of which ceased operations in 2015. This change has underscored the city's reliance on external power sources.

Historically, Auckland has experienced significant power outages that have tested the resilience of its infrastructure. The most notable incident occurred during the 1998 Auckland power crisis, which resulted in a five-week blackout affecting much of the Central Business District (CBD). A cascade failure in the four main underground cables supplying the CBD led to widespread disruption. Another significant outage happened in 2006 when an earth wire shackle broke at Transpower's Ōtāhuhu substation, interrupting power to the CBD and surrounding suburbs.

In 2009, a blackout impacted the northern and western suburbs, along with Northland, after a forklift accidentally contacted the 220 kV line from Ōtāhuhu to Henderson, the primary supply line for the region. In response to these outages and to bolster the power supply to Auckland, Transpower invested $1.25 billion in the early 2010s to reinforce the transmission network. This investment included the development of a 400 kV-capable transmission line from the Waikato River to Brownhill substation, initially operating at 220 kV, and the installation of underground 220 kV cables between Brownhill and Pakuranga, as well as from Pakuranga to Albany through the CBD. These enhancements have reduced the region's dependence on the Ōtāhuhu substation and the critical Ōtāhuhu to Henderson line.

In addition to electricity, Auckland has a longstanding history of natural gas supply, first being connected to the Kapuni gas field in 1970. A high-pressure pipeline, spanning 340 km from Taranaki to the city, was established to facilitate this supply. In 1982, Auckland was further connected to the Maui gas field through a high-pressure pipeline, enhancing its natural gas availability. Today, the high-pressure transmission pipelines are owned and operated by First Gas, while Vector manages the medium and low-pressure distribution pipelines within the city. This dual approach to energy supply is vital for ensuring that Auckland's infrastructure meets the growing needs of its residents and businesses.